Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit promising luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. However, the potential toxicological consequences of UCNPs necessitate rigorous investigation to ensure their safe utilization. This review aims to provide a detailed analysis o

In this study, we describe a novel strategy for the synthesis and characterization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) covalently attached with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4|Fe2O3|FeO). The synthesis process involves a two-step approach, first immobilizing SWCNTs onto a compatible substrate and then incorporating Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a